If you’ve ever seen your horse lying down in the pasture, you might have wondered: is this normal? Should I be worried? Understanding why horses lay down and when it’s cause for concern is essential knowledge for every horse owner.
In this guide, we’ll explore the reasons horses lay down, how to tell the difference between normal rest and signs of trouble, and what to do if you’re concerned.
Is It Normal for Horses to Lay Down?
Yes, it’s completely normal for horses to lay down. Despite the common myth that horses only sleep standing up, they actually need to lie down to achieve deep REM sleep. A horse that never lies down isn’t getting the rest it needs.
However, the amount of time a horse spends lying down and the context matters. Let’s break it down.
Why Do Horses Lay Down?
1. Sleep and Rest
Horses typically sleep in short periods throughout a 24-hour cycle, totaling about 2-3 hours of sleep per day. They can doze while standing (thanks to a special “stay apparatus” in their legs), but they must lie down to reach REM sleep.
Normal lying down for sleep:
- Usually occurs at night or early morning
- Lasts 20-30 minutes at a time
- Horse appears relaxed and peaceful
- Breathing is regular
- Horse can easily get up when disturbed
2. Sunbathing
On warm, sunny days, many horses enjoy lying flat out in the sun. This is especially common in the late morning when the sun is warm but not too hot. A sunbathing horse typically:
- Lies on their side (lateral recumbency)
- Appears completely relaxed
- May stretch out their legs
- Will get up readily when approached
3. Rolling
Horses roll for several reasons:
- To scratch itchy spots they can’t reach
- To coat themselves in dust (natural fly protection)
- After exercise to relieve muscle tension
- Pure enjoyment
Normal rolling is vigorous and purposeful. The horse gets up promptly afterward and shakes off.
4. Feeling Safe and Comfortable
Horses are prey animals, and lying down makes them vulnerable. A horse that lies down regularly is showing that they feel safe in their environment. This is actually a good sign of mental wellbeing.
Warning Signs: When Lying Down Indicates a Problem
While lying down is normal, certain patterns can indicate illness or distress. Watch for these red flags:
Signs of Colic
Colic (abdominal pain) is one of the most common reasons a horse will lie down excessively. Warning signs include:
- Frequent lying down and getting up
- Rolling violently – Thrashing rather than casual rolling
- Looking at their sides – Turning head toward flank
- Pawing at the ground
- Kicking at their belly
- Sweating – Even when not exerting
- Lack of gut sounds – Normally you can hear gurgling
- Not eating or drinking
- Lack of manure or reduced output
If you see these signs, call your veterinarian immediately. Colic can be life-threatening and requires prompt treatment.
Signs of Exhaustion or Weakness
A horse that lies down and seems unable or unwilling to get up may be experiencing:
- Severe illness
- Extreme exhaustion
- Neurological problems
- Injury
- Metabolic issues
Lying Down for Extended Periods
Horses shouldn’t lie down for more than a few hours at a time. Extended periods of lying down can cause:
- Pressure sores
- Nerve damage
- Respiratory compromise
- Muscle damage
If your horse has been down for more than 2-3 hours and won’t get up, this is an emergency.
How Long Do Horses Normally Lay Down?
Here’s what’s typical:
- Total daily lying time: 30 minutes to 3 hours
- Single lying session: 20-30 minutes typically
- REM sleep episodes: 5-10 minutes
- Rolling: 1-2 minutes per session
Young horses and seniors tend to lie down more than adult horses in their prime.
Do Horses Lay Down on Their Side?
Yes, horses can lie in two positions:
Sternal Recumbency
The horse lies with its legs tucked underneath, chest on the ground. This is the more common resting position and allows for quicker escape if needed.
Lateral Recumbency
The horse lies completely flat on its side. This position is necessary for deep REM sleep and is also common when sunbathing. It looks more dramatic but is often just a sign of a very relaxed, comfortable horse.
Why Won’t My Horse Lay Down?
Some horses rarely or never lie down. This can be due to:
- Feeling unsafe – New environment, threatening herd mates, or insecure footing
- Pain – Arthritis or other conditions that make getting up difficult
- Small stall – Not enough room to lie down comfortably
- Uncomfortable bedding – Insufficient or wet bedding
- Herd dynamics – Low-ranking horses may not feel safe lying down
A horse that never lies down may become sleep-deprived, leading to:
- Collapse episodes
- Injuries from falling
- Behavioral changes
- Decreased performance
What to Do If Your Horse Is Lying Down and Won’t Get Up
Step 1: Stay Calm and Assess
Approach quietly and observe from a safe distance. Look for:
- Signs of distress or pain
- Normal breathing
- Any obvious injuries
- Whether the horse responds to your presence
Step 2: Try to Encourage Standing
If the horse seems alert:
- Speak calmly and encourage them to rise
- Offer a treat or shake a grain bucket
- Gently prod if necessary
Step 3: Call the Vet If Concerned
Contact your veterinarian if:
- The horse won’t get up after 20-30 minutes of encouragement
- There are signs of colic
- The horse appears weak or disoriented
- You notice any injuries
- This behavior is unusual for your horse
Step 4: Protect a Down Horse
If waiting for the vet:
- Protect the horse’s head to prevent injury
- Keep the horse as calm as possible
- Don’t force the horse to stand if injured
- Provide padding under the head if possible
Creating a Safe Space for Lying Down
Encourage healthy rest by providing:
- Adequate stall size – At least 12×12 feet for average horses
- Deep, clean bedding – Shavings, straw, or pellets
- Safe pasture footing – Level ground without holes
- Compatible herd mates – Reduce bullying and stress
- Routine and security – Consistent schedule reduces anxiety
Final Thoughts
Seeing your horse lying down is usually nothing to worry about. It’s a natural and necessary part of their daily rest cycle. The key is knowing your individual horse’s normal behavior so you can recognize when something is off.
To summarize:
- Horses need to lie down for REM sleep
- Normal lying down is relaxed and brief (20-30 minutes)
- Watch for signs of colic: frequent up and down, violent rolling, distress
- A horse that won’t lie down may have pain or feel unsafe
- Extended lying down (2+ hours) is a veterinary emergency
Learn more about horse behavior to better understand your equine companion.
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