Horse Supplements Explained: What Works and What Doesn’t

Walk into any feed store and you’ll find walls of horse supplements promising everything from shinier coats to calmer behavior. Which ones actually help? Here’s what you need to know.

Do Horses Need Supplements?

Many horses on balanced diets don’t need additional supplements. However, supplements may benefit horses with:

  • Specific deficiencies identified through blood work or hay analysis
  • Health conditions requiring nutritional support
  • Diets lacking variety (hay-only with no pasture)
  • High performance demands
  • Age-related changes

Common Supplement Categories

Joint Supplements

Glucosamine, chondroitin, MSM, and hyaluronic acid are common ingredients. Research shows mixed results, but many horse owners report improvement. Best used preventively or in early stages of joint issues rather than for advanced arthritis.

Hoof Supplements

Biotin is the most researched hoof supplement, with studies showing improvement in hoof quality at doses of 15-20mg daily. Results take 6-9 months as new hoof grows in. Methionine, zinc, and other nutrients often included.

Digestive Supplements

Probiotics add beneficial gut bacteria. Prebiotics feed existing good bacteria. Yeast cultures support fiber digestion. These can help during stress, antibiotic use, or digestive upset.

Calming Supplements

Magnesium, tryptophan, thiamine, and herbal ingredients appear in calming products. Results vary widely between horses. These aren’t a substitute for proper training and management.

Coat and Skin Supplements

Omega fatty acids (from flax, chia, or fish oil) support skin health and coat shine. They also have anti-inflammatory properties. Most horses benefit from omega-3 supplementation.

Vitamin and Mineral Supplements

Salt

The one supplement nearly every horse needs. Provide free-choice plain salt or add 1-2 tablespoons daily to feed. Horses don’t naturally seek out salt before they’re deficient.

Vitamin E

Horses without access to fresh pasture may need supplementation. Important for muscle and nerve function. Natural vitamin E is better absorbed than synthetic.

Selenium

Deficient in many regions—have hay tested or check regional maps. But selenium is toxic in excess, so don’t supplement without knowing your horse’s intake.

Smart Supplementing

Avoid Overlap

If you feed a fortified commercial feed, you may already be providing adequate vitamins and minerals. Adding supplements can create imbalances or toxicities.

Quality Matters

Supplements aren’t regulated like drugs. Look for products from reputable companies with quality control testing. Third-party verification adds confidence.

Give Adequate Time

Most supplements take weeks to months to show effects. Evaluate fairly before deciding something doesn’t work.

Learn more about building a complete diet in our nutrition fundamentals guide.

Sarah Mitchell

Sarah Mitchell

Author & Expert

Sarah Mitchell is a lifelong equestrian with over 15 years of experience in horse care, training, and competition. She holds certifications from the American Riding Instructors Association and has worked with horses ranging from backyard companions to Olympic-level athletes. When she is not writing, Sarah can be found at her small farm in Virginia with her two Quarter Horses.

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