Your horse’s nutritional needs shift with the seasons. Temperature changes, forage availability, and activity levels all influence feeding requirements throughout the year.
Winter Feeding
Increased Calorie Needs
Horses burn extra calories maintaining body temperature in cold weather. The “critical temperature” below which horses need additional energy varies by coat condition and wind exposure, but generally ranges from 30-50°F for clipped horses and 0-20°F for horses with full winter coats.
Hay is Key
Forage digestion generates internal heat—called “heat of fermentation.” Increasing hay during cold spells helps horses stay warm naturally. A general rule: add 1 pound of hay for every 10°F drop below the critical temperature.
Water Challenges
Horses drink less when water is ice-cold, increasing colic risk. Provide water between 45-65°F when possible. Check water sources frequently—ice forms quickly.
Spring Transitions
Pasture Introduction
Spring grass is rich in sugars and highly palatable. Transitioning too quickly causes digestive upset and laminitis risk, especially for metabolic horses. Introduce pasture gradually—start with 15-30 minutes daily, increasing over 2-3 weeks.
Reduce Concentrates
As pasture quality improves, decrease grain accordingly. Lush spring grass provides significant calories—continuing full grain rations leads to obesity.
Summer Considerations
Electrolyte Needs
Sweating horses lose sodium, chloride, potassium, and other electrolytes. Provide free-choice salt year-round, and consider electrolyte supplements for horses in heavy work during heat.
Pasture Management
Summer pastures can become overgrazed or scorched. Supplemental hay maintains gut health when grass quality declines. Watch for toxic plants that thrive in stressed pastures.
Water Consumption
Horses may drink 10-15 gallons daily in summer heat. Ensure constant access to clean, fresh water. Check automatic waterers regularly—malfunctions in summer can be dangerous.
Fall Adjustments
Building Condition
Horses naturally add weight in fall, preparing for winter. Allow moderate weight gain for horses facing cold weather without shelter—this fat layer provides insulation and energy reserves.
Declining Pasture
Fall grass loses nutritional value as it matures and frosts hit. Begin supplementing with hay before pasture fails completely.
Beware of Fructan Spikes
Stressed fall grasses can accumulate sugars, particularly during sunny days following cold nights. Limit grazing during these periods for laminitis-prone horses.
For comprehensive feeding guidelines applicable year-round, see our complete nutrition guide.
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