Senior horses have unique nutritional challenges. Dental issues, decreased digestive efficiency, and changing metabolism require dietary adjustments to maintain health and quality of life.
When is a Horse “Senior”?
Age alone doesn’t determine senior status—some horses show aging signs at 15, others remain robust at 25. Watch for:
- Weight loss despite adequate feed
- Difficulty chewing or dropped feed
- Longer, coarser coat
- Decreased muscle tone
- Changes in manure consistency
Common Senior Feeding Challenges
Dental Problems
Worn, missing, or sharp teeth make chewing difficult. Horses may drop partially chewed feed (“quidding”) or develop long hay fibers in manure. Regular dental exams become even more important as horses age.
Reduced Digestive Efficiency
Older horses absorb nutrients less efficiently. They may need more feed to maintain condition, or feeds that are easier to digest.
Metabolic Changes
Cushing’s disease (PPID) and insulin resistance become more common with age. These conditions require careful sugar and starch management in the diet.
Feeding Solutions
Alternative Forage
When horses can’t chew long-stem hay:
- Hay cubes: Soaked to soften, easier to chew than baled hay
- Hay pellets: Can be soaked into mash
- Chopped hay: Shorter pieces require less chewing
- Beet pulp: Excellent fiber source, always soak before feeding
Senior Feeds
Commercial senior feeds are formulated for older horses’ needs—higher fiber, easily digestible ingredients, and added nutrients. Many can be soaked to create a soft mash. “Complete” senior feeds can replace hay entirely if needed.
Protein Considerations
Seniors often need slightly higher protein to maintain muscle mass. Look for quality protein sources like soybean meal or alfalfa in senior feeds.
Weight Management
Underweight Seniors
If dental issues are addressed and the horse still struggles to maintain weight, increase calorie-dense feeds. Fat sources (oil, rice bran) add calories without excess starch. Feed smaller, more frequent meals.
Overweight Seniors
Metabolic issues can make weight loss difficult. Work with your vet to rule out Cushing’s disease. Limit sugars and starches while maintaining adequate forage.
Supplements for Seniors
- Joint supplements: Glucosamine, chondroitin, and hyaluronic acid support aging joints
- Probiotics: Support digestive function
- Omega fatty acids: Anti-inflammatory benefits
- Vitamin E: Important for muscle and immune function
For foundational nutrition information, see our nutrition basics guide.
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